As long as you ran the cmake version before and already built the translations, you should be able to just run:
build-kstars.sh -3ei
and it will build using craft. if you add a d, it will make a dmg. Now what I don't know is whether the phonon error affects only the homebrew stuff we are using for the cmake build or whether it also affects craft. I guess if you try the craft version and it fails on phonon, we will have an answer.
I finally got it to compile with having to use the homebrew qt. But I had to install many of the KF5 modules by hand because the script would end up failing to build some of the modules because it couldn't find one of the requirements. This could have been initially caused by phonon not compiling which lead to a cascade of issues but I'm not sure. I don't really want to delete KF5 and see if the issue is fixed because I can finally build kstars again and that is what matters to me.
Yeah, I agree it was very annoying. Unfortunately when you are working on a project that depends upon other projects, when those other projects change it can prevent the project built on them from getting built until you resolve the issue. I did not really need to rebuild everything and had not done so in awhile, but I had decided to update to qt 5.9.2 and then phonon would not build.