I do have an "Amazon basics USB 2.0 4-Port Ultra Mini Hub" lying around although both chromebooks (Lenovo Flex 11 & Asus C523NA-IH24T) sport single USB 3.0 ports.
Unfortunately, connecting the ASI183MM through the 2.0 hub does not help. Exposures cycle through failure until aborted.
Have you tried other software like ASICAP? Could at least give a hint if it's a hardware or software issue.
Maybe too little power? Try an externally powered hub?
Kstars/Ekos/INDI runs fine under a Linux chroot, Crouton, on a Chromebook.
My difficulty was that the INDI 3rd party "driver", asi-common, is really necessary to expose a full frame (but not necessary for a smaller region of interest). But asi-common will not work on Crouton installed on factory Chromebook.
Instead, because of the way systemd works, the asi-common rule must be installed in the Chrome root file system. Trouble is, this file system is mounted read-only in a factory Chromebook. For this Chromebook (Asus 523) this involved using a SuzyQable to remove the write protection from / and manually copying the asi-common rule file to /etc/udev/rules.d outside the chroot.
Just in case someone else encounters this problem.