Meanwhile I tried to compile KStars from source with Qt 5.9.9 on Ubuntu 16.04 with success. The display bug is gone, BUT the responsivity bug persists! I suppose it is a KStars/indi bug: The option buttons for the serial/ethernet connection are all dead*. Shall I open a ticket in KStars bugtracking systems?
*) Surprisingly they are all working when I'm debugging an INDIdriver with QtCreator.
It is present in Ubuntu 16.04 AND 18.04 and I could trace a really strange behaviour in both: As I stated before the "Connection Mode" buttons of the INDIDrivers is always working under debugging. The spooky thing is, that after the very first start of EKOS (after a new startup of the OS) the buttons are working too! But if you start Ekos once again these buttons get unresponsive!
It there a crack out there, who has more insight? I haven't got a clue.